The Ice Beneath Her by Camilla Grebe

First published in Sweden in 2015; published in translation by Ballantine Books on December 27, 2016

Peter Lindgren is a character in a Scandinavian novel, which means he’s depressed. He feels weak and ambivalent and unable to commit to anything. His marriage to Hanne failed long ago. He rarely sees his 15-year-old son. His mother and sister are dead and his father is drinking himself to death. He blames himself for his sister’s death as the result of family drama during his childhood. He’s a homicide cop but arresting people doesn’t make the victims less dead, so he wonders if his life has meaning. That attitude manifests itself in various hand-wringing passages as the novel progresses. Eventually Peter’s self-doubting personality gets old. It also slows the novel’s pace, as does the hand-wringing of the other depressed characters.

Peter and Manfred Olsson investigate the death of a beheaded woman in suburban Stockholm. Her body is in the home of Jesper Orre, a successful Stockholm clothing retailer, but her identity is unknown. There are similarities to a case that has been unsolved for ten years. That prompts Manfred to call Hanne Lagerlind-Schőn. Now retired as a police consultant and in the early stages of dementia, Hanne reluctantly agrees to study the possible connection between the two cases. Yes, this is the same Hanne who was once married to Peter. Hanne, of course, is also depressed, but she has good reason to be, apart from being Scandanavian.

Point of view changes from chapter to chapter. First person accounts of the investigation (and of the general depression that apparently accompanies all life in Scandinavia) come from Peter and Hanne. Hanne’s depression stems from her current controlling husband and the realization that her slow onset of dementia will eventually lead her to lose her memories and, for all practical purposes, to lose herself.

A third perspective comes from Emma Bohman. Emma’s story starts two months earlier, when Jesper doesn’t show up for her engagement dinner. Emma complains that Jesper has been borrowing money from her, which surprises the reader, given that Emma has a drudge job in one of his stores. Emma spends quite a bit of time wondering why Jesper, her secret lover, has suddenly stopped returning her calls. Her self-doubt, like Peter’s, gets old. And like Peter, Emma has a sad childhood experience that left her a little broken.

Using a technique that has become common in thrillers, Emma’s narrative of the past eventually links up to the present narratives of Peter and Hanne. This lets the reader understand the background to the crime and to guess at its solution while the investigators probe the past. The solution is a bit contrived but it’s not over the top, as is the case with many modern thrillers.

Camilla Grebe builds suspense effectively, although this isn’t a frenetically-paced, action-filled thriller. The novel is more about characters than crime, but the characters are interesting and believable (albeit depressed) and the plot is at least moderately surprising. All of that squeaks the novel into recommended territory, but I would primarily recommend it to fans of Scandinavian fiction who have not grown weary reading about characters who are tired of living.

RECOMMENDED

Rather Be the Devil by Ian Rankin

First published in the UK in 2016; published by Little, Brown and Company on January 31, 2017

Having taken an unwanted pension, Rebus is contemplating the unhealthy results of a life spent smoking, drinking beer, and brooding over unsolved crimes. Not one to let a bit of lung cancer get him down, Rebus begins to nose around after learning from Siobhan Clarke that gangster Darryl Christie has been roughed up. A rival gangster is also interested in learning who attacked Christie.

Darryl Christie and Joe Stark are suspected of doing away with a rogue cop who nearly did away with Malcolm Fox when he was still with Professional Standards. Now Fox is a Detective Inspector in Major Crimes whose first assignment is to learn what he can about Christie’s beating without stepping on the toes of DI Clarke, who is heading the investigation in Edinburgh.

All of this leads Rebus to look into a closed case involving the death of Maria Turquand. Bruce Collier, lead singer for a popular band in the 1970s, was among the persons questioned, but one of Maria’s lovers was deemed the most likely suspect (her wealthy banker husband having been ruled out by virtue of an alibi). There are, of course, several other suspects, given the number of people associated with a band and the fact that Maria was killed in the hotel where the band was staying.

The cold case had last been reviewed by DI Robert Chatham. The review was prompted by a writer who specialized in books about unsolved crimes. They both become important characters who contribute to a subplot in addition to the main story.

The story branches off to encompass a Ukranian gangster, an assortment of British gangsters, Fox’s gambling-addicted sister, money laundering, and an assortment of beatings, killings, and snitchings. The plot is complex but not confusing (although it does tax the memory and might require a bit of note-taking to keep track of all the suspects). As a Rankin fan would expect, the plot resolution is clever.

Occasional references to folk and rock musicians from the UK had me drifting to YouTube to get a sense of the music that surrounds the story. Some of it isn’t bad. Rebus particularly likes Rory Gallagher, whose “concept album” Kickback City includes -- surprise, surprise -- a contribution by Ian Rankin. No surprise, then, that Rebus plays Kickback City on his car stereo.

As always, unexpected bits of humor enliven the novel, usually in the form of dialog. Characterization and plotting are always strengths in a Rankin novel. Rather Be the Devil is no exception. It’s a solid entry in a dependable series.

RECOMMENDED

A Case of Conscience by James Blish

This review was first published in 2013. The novel is now available in a ditigal edition with an introduction by Greg Bear.

First published in 1958; published ditigally by Open Road Media on January 24, 2017

Set in 2049, A Case of Conscience begins with four humans on the planet Lithia. Ruiz-Sanchez is a biologist and a Jesuit priest. Cleaver is a physicist. Agronski is a geologist and Michelis is chemist. They are members of the Lithian Review Commission, tasked with deciding whether Lithia would be a suitable port of call for Earth. Each commission member arrives at a conclusion by a different process of reasoning, although the "reasoning" employed by Cleaver, and particularly by Ruiz-Sanchez, is shaky. Cleaver believes Lithia would be ideal for the development of weapons while Ruiz-Sanchez thinks the planet is literally a satanic creation. Since Ruiz-Sanchez has arrived at a conclusion that is consistent with Manichaeaism, a religious philosophy discredited by his church, Ruiz-Sanchez expects to be excommunicated. He nonetheless casts his vote on that basis and the Commission returns home. The humans take with them a gift from the Lithians -- an egg that will hatch in flight, giving birth to Egtverchi.

The second half of the novel takes place on Earth, where Egtverchi proves adept at exposing human hypocrisy and, in his words, "breeding dissension." Given his own television show, he urges viewers to be mad as hell and not take it anymore, a message that suits his "audience of borderline madmen," as one person characterizes it, or in Ruiz-Sanchez' view, "those who feel cut off, emotionally and intellectually, from our society and its dominant cultural traditions." In other words, they feel alienated, and they identify with the alien who goads them. Egtverchi wants his followers to become wrenches in the cogs, to tear up their identity cards and abandon the cities.

Long before "worldbuilding" became a science fiction buzzword, James Blish carefully created a truly alien world (described in scientific detail in an appendix). Houses are made of ceramic pottery, each one unique. A tree that emits radio waves is the basis for long distance communications. Lithians have no politics, no nations, no media, no celebrations, no religion. The Lithians' science departs credibly from Earth's, in part because it is based on the unique characteristics of the planet Lithia. Blish managed to give the aliens (who resemble tall reptilian kangaroos) a genuinely alien culture as well as a unique means of reproduction and (for lack of a better term) childhood development. It is, in fact, the gestation process, and its apparent confirmation that intelligent creatures are the result of evolution, that convinces Ruiz-Sanchez of Lithia's satanic nature.

The future Earth that Blish imagined is a product of his time. Most people live underground, in bomb shelters the size of cities. The "Shelter economy" that developed eventually produced widespread rioting, which prompted the United Nations to create a true world government. That should have ended the threat of nuclear war and obviated the need for a Shelter economy, but the Shelter economy still prevails, although members of the ruling class live comfortable, decadent lives. Egtverchi is seen as a threat to the continued existence of the class division that serves the leaders so well.

Egtverchi's televised call for civil unrest seems like small potatoes in the day of 24-hour cable pundits, the wackiest of whom urge their wacky followers to do all sorts of wacky things. Yet Egtverchi's message resonates with those whose lives are spent in service of the Shelter economy, meeting labor quotas, never leaving their underground bunkers. To the extent that the Shelter economy is seen as quasi-communism (a frequent theme of 1950s science fiction), Egtverchi points the way to individualism.

A Case of Conscience is notable as one of the first science fiction novels to consider the core beliefs of Christianity in a universe where humans are not the only sentient species. It raises theological questions that are echoed in The Sparrow and some of Philip K. Dick's novels. A Case of Conscience relies heavily on Catholic dogma, and much of that dogma feels dated -- not that the religion has changed, but the world has. Ruiz-Sanchez' belief that if God did not create the Lithians, Satan must have done so (because only Satan would replace divine creation with evolution) seems a little silly (and the silliness of dogma may have been Blish's point), but Ruiz-Sanchez' sincere spiritual debate, the angst he feels while wrestling with spiritual issues, makes him a sympathetic character.

Several other issues of conscience are at play in the novel that make it worth a reader's time. One faction on Earth wants to develop Lithia for the dubious benefit of Earth in a way that will surely harm the Lithians. What, if anything, to do about Egtverchi's rabble rousing poses another dilemma. As a priest, Ruiz-Sanchez must decide whether to carry out the Pope's wishes despite his fear that the Pope's reasoning is flawed, a fear that forces him to confront the heresy that the doctrine of papal infallibility might itself be flawed. All of these issues are interesting, as is the world that Blish creates. If for no other reason, A Case of Conscience deserves to be read by a modern audience for Blish's lush prose.

RECOMMENDED

Foreign Soil and Other Stories by Maxine Beneba Clarke

First published in Australia in 2014; published by Atria / 37 INK on January 3, 2017

Maxine Beneba Clarke demonstrates remarkable range in Foreign Soil. The stories shift between Australia and less developed countries, as Clarke explores triumphs and tragedies that connect lives in cultures that are quite different from each other.

“David” tells the story of two Sudanese women in Australia. One fled from her village with two sons and memories of a third. The younger woman faces the older woman’s disapproval because she wears her hair short, dresses in jeans, has abandoned religion, and rides a bicycle. Yet it is ultimately the bicycle rather than Sudanese tradition that binds the two women in this touching, sad story. It’s easily my favorite in the collection.

“Harlem Jones” is a young man whose parents moved to London from Trinidad. He establishes his individual identity by joining a group protest against the police killing of a black man. The story is honest in its refusal to paint a more uplifting picture of forsaken lives.

“Hope” is about a girl from the mountains who goes to Kingston to find her place in the world and instead learns hard lessons about love. It’s a sweet “slice of life” story that should please fans of romance (as opposed to fans of romance fiction).

“Foreign Soil” tells the story of Angela, who falls in love with Mukasa and leaves Australia behind when he takes her to Uganda. In his own world, however, Mukasa seems like a different person. The story is bleak and troublingly unfinished.

“Shu Yi” is the name of the new kid in school. The story’s narrator, a brown-skinned girl named Ava, is relieved that someone has replaced her as the target of bullies in their white suburban Australian neighborhood. When Ava’s mother forces her to be Shu Yi’s friend, the outcome is surprising. This is my third-favorite story in the collection.

“Railton Road” is the Brixton headquarters of young black rebels who are assembling to express their growing discontent. The story highlights characters who take different approaches to black empowerment while sniping at each other and treating women as slaves.

“Gaps in the Hickory” is a story of poverty, prejudice, and pride. Poverty should transcend race as a unifying force, but some characters in the Mississippi setting of this story are blinded by bigotry as they rage against people of different races and sexual identities. The themes are particularly relevant today, as bigots cling to an imagined past that never existed. This story, like some others in the collection, is masterful in its use of dialect. Its combination of an ugly present and a hopeful future make it my second-favorite story in the volume.

“Big Islan” is about the restlessness of life in Jamaica. The story is again notable for its use of dialect.

“The Stilt Fishermen of Kathaluwa” tells the story of Ansanka, a boy soldier who fled from Sri Lanka and is now being detained in Australia. The story alternates between Ansanka’s harrowing young life and the unsatisfying life of the lawyer who interviews him in a detention facility. I love the story’s contrast between people who think they have problems and people who really have problems.

A girl who gets stuck hanging upside down symbolizes life’s deeper problems in “The Sukiyaki Book Club.” The writer enters the story to explain that she doesn’t know how to rescue the girl. Parental fear -- the writer’s need to assure that her own kids are safe and well adjusted (or at least safe) -- is the story’s focus. I’m not fond of stories in which writers intrude into the narrative, so this was my least favorite.

In “Aviation,” a woman whose husband was killed on 9/11 is asked to become an emergency caregiver for a Middle Eastern child no family will take. The story is a brief but powerful look at misdirected prejudice.

None of the stories in Foreign Soil are bad, most are quite good, and a handful are excellent. I appreciate the attention to important themes that are overlooked by modern authors who so often devote themselves to the trivial.

RECOMMENDED

Kill the Father by Sandrone Dazieri

First published in Italy in 2014; published in translation by Scribner on January 10, 2017

Kill the Father introduces two notable characters: Deputy Captain Colomba Caselli and Dante Torre. Both are finding ways to cope with traumatic pasts. They support each other after being thrown together in the search for a serial killer.

Caselli is on leave, recovering from a near-death experience that she secretly refers to as “the Disaster,” but she reluctantly agrees to join an investigation of a missing child, her last official act before submitting her resignation. Her boss wants her to investigate because somebody needs to step on the toes of bureaucrats, and Caselli has nothing to lose, given her plan to retire.

Torre has a talent for determining whether children who make accusations of sexual assault are merely repeating what they’ve been conditioned to believe by the other parent. He earns a living by selling that talent to lawyers. Dante is also an expert on missing persons. He was a kidnapping victim as a child and only gained his freedom after eleven years of captivity. Colomba turns to Torre for help locating the missing child.

Dante is one of the more interesting characters to appear in recent crime fiction. He’s claustrophobic and neurotic, but his quirks are a natural consequence of his horrendous childhood. Dante has developed an expertise at reading people (a more credible expertise than FBI profilers display in any number of bad crime novels), but he only wants to do so from a distance because he has a palpable aversion to emotional displays.

Colomba has issues of her own, stemming from the Disaster that she explains at the novel’s midway point. Colomba has lost her self-confidence and worries that she will make another bad decision that will result in more deaths. Some of her fellow police detectives think she’s come unhinged, which adds to her intrigue. And again, Sandrone Dazieri doesn’t overplay Colomba’s emotional fragility, as do so many modern thriller writers who imbue their protagonists with psychiatric quirks.

The plot is filled with surprises, most of which arrive just after it seems that the story has drawn to a close. I wondered what would fill the last 50 pages. None of the revelations were expected, but none are contrived. They all make sense in light of the previous events. The final pages build tension nicely. The deft plotting and the strong characters make Kill the Father one of the better Italian crime novels I’ve encountered.

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